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BUTTON MAKERS AND THEIR BACKMARKS
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During the second half of the eighteenth century, manufacturers of metal buttons began to ‘brand’ their products by marking the backs with their names and often their addresses. These ‘backmarks’ can provide useful information for dating the buttons, as details of the various companies, and when they were operating, can be found in contemporary trade directories and other documentary sources. The marking is invariably produced by die stamping, which is an inherent part of the manufacturing process, and backmarks produced in this way continue to be used to the present day.
The list that follows identifies British manufacturers and the backmarks they used from the earliest ones recorded until about the middle of the twentieth century. They have been collated from a large number of sources over a long period of time, both documentary and from the buttons themselves, most of which have been recovered by metal detectorists. In general, dates should be regarded as approximate, and not exclusive unless the context indicates otherwise. It is also the case that there are some differences in respect of dating between the secondary sources that have been consulted. Where it has not been possible to reconcile such differences, the various dates and date ranges encountered are all shown in the applicable ‘Date’ field.
The listing is in alphabetical order, by company name. During the period concerned, this is invariably the surname(s) of the founder(s). Where various members or generations of the same family worked for the business, they are listed under the common surname. Where double or multiple names apply, each name is listed separately, but cross-referenced back to the main company name. This has been done to facilitate faster tracing of a company when backmarks are partially illegible, as they often are on buttons recovered from the ground.
In addition to listing backmarks, any relevant information concerning the button makers is shown in summary form. This typically includes dates when the companies were established, taken over or ceased trading. Known button types, associated with the maker, or with particular backmarks, are also noted where it is considered that they might be helpful. The backmarks consist of the company’s name (or initials) alone, or the name and address together. They also occasionally include a pictorial trademark, such as the Prince of Wales plume found on Jennens’ buttons from 1860. In the list, the backmark is always the combination of the ‘Name’ and ‘Address’ fields. If the address is not part of the backmark, the ‘Address’ field will be empty.
It is not always clear from the sources whether the name and address are actual backmarks used by the companies, or simply their details, as obtained from trade directories and other primary sources. For this reason, those backmarks that have actually been seen by the writer - either by viewing the buttons directly, or photographs of them - are shown in an emboldened font. It is the intention that the list will be periodically updated, as more of the backmarks are confirmed. It should be noted that confirmation of a backmark does not imply confirmation of any dates associated with them.
It is also inevitable that the list will contain errors, both as a result of transcribing the information, and because of the use of secondary sources, which, as indicated above, are sometimes at variance with each other. Similarly, there will be omissions from the list, both in respect of the names of companies, and the backmarks for those that are listed. It is intended that the periodic updates will also include amendments and additions, as more information becomes available.
If details seem rather sparse in some cases, it should be borne in mind that the information shown might have been gleaned from a single button or a single documentary reference. In other cases, of course, there is a wealth of published information, and further details are often available from the sources cited at the end of the listing.
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NEIL & TONKS
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1855-1875
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Neil & Tonks
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13 Charles Street, Birmingham
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NOAKES
(See BROUGHTON)
NORTZELL
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1825-1838
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Manufacturing buttons - types include livery
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Early 19th C
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T Nortzell
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24 Great New Street Fetter Lane
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Livery buttons
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Early 19th C
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T Nortzell
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Great New Street, London
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Livery buttons
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1838
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Nortzell & Son
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Nortzell & Broughton
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Bouverie St. London
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Thomas Nortzell & Henry Broughton
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Bouverie St. London
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NUTTING
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1800-1840
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I Nutting
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Covent Garden
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Button types include livery and Other Ranks pewter buttons
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I Nutting
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King St. Covent Garden
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Nutting & Co
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1807-1840
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I Nutting & Son
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Covent Garden
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Military uniform buttons
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I Nutting & Son
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London
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Livery buttons
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1840
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Amalgamated with Sherlock & Co
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PALMER
(See COOK & PALMER)
PARKER
(See MERRY, PHIPSON & PARKER)
PHILIPPS
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Philipps Bros
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London
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PHIPSON
(See MERRY, PHIPSON & PARKER)
PIGGOT
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1800’s
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Piggot & Co
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Birmingham
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PITT
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1875-1973
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Period of operation
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C Pitt & Co
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50 St. Martins Lane, London
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Livery buttons
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1875-1894
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Charles Pitt & Co
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50 St. Martins Lane, London WC
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1875-1895
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Charles Pitt & Co
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50 St. Martins Lane, London WC
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1895-1899
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Charles Pitt & Co
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31 Maddox Street, London W
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1895-1973
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Pitt & Co
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31 Maddox Street London W
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Livery buttons
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1896
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Charles Pitt & Co
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31 Maddox Street, London W
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1973
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Bought by J R Gaunt of London just before Gaunt was taken over by the Birmingham Mint
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PLANT, GREEN & MANTON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1907
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Plant, Green & Manton
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PLAYER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1880’s
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Player Bros
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Birmingham
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PROSSER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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I Prosser
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London & Birmingham?
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RANKEN
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1770
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Ranken & Co
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London & India
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RAWLEY
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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C Rawley
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Birmingham
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1800’s
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Charles Rawley
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Birmingham
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RAYNOR
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Raynor & Sons
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Liverpool
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REEVES
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1853-1863
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Charles Reeves
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8 Aire Street, Piccadilly
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1902-1909
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Charles Reeves
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18 St Martins Street
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1910-1937
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Charles Reeves
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9 West Street, Golden Square
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1938-1955
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Charles Reeves
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9 Newburgh Street
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REYNOLDS
(See also BOGGETT for Reynolds earlier partnership)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Joseph William Reynolds
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50 St Martins Lane, London
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Button types include livery and constabulary
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1861-1873?
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Period of operation (The end date conflicts with ‘1880s’ below)
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1861-1870
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J W Reynolds & Co
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50 St Martins Lane London
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1871-1873
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Reynolds & Co
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50 St Martins Lane London
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Livery buttons
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1880s
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J W Reynolds & Co
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50 St Martins Lane
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The date conflicts with 1873 end date above
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RICHARDS
(See GREEN, CADBURY & RICHARDS)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Early 19th C
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B Sanders
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Father & son - invented Sanders Type construction (?) 1825
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SCLATER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1900’s
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Sclater & Son
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Edinburgh
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SHERLOCK
(See also DAWES)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Manufacturers of fine military and uniform buttons
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Pre 1837
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Dawes & Sherlock
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14 King Street, London
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1837-1846
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Thomas Sherlock
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15 King Street, Covent Garden
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1840
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Amalgamated with Nutting & Co
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1845-1880
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Sherlock & Co
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Covent Garden London
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1847-1887
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Sherlock & Co
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15 King Street, Covent Garden
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SILVER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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c.1865-1875
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S.W. Silver & Co. Clothiers
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London
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SILVESTER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Possibly early 19th C
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Silvester
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27 Strand
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Livery buttons
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SIMPSON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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c.1870-1900
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Stephen Simpson
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Preston
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SIMPSON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1861-1885
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Simpson & Son
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61 South Audley St London
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SMITH
(See also HARRISON & SMITH)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Button types include British Army and AFS
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1840’s
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Smith, Kemp & Wright
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Birmingham
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Company founded with this name (18thC according to Firmin website)
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1840
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Smith, Kemp & Wright
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Brearley Street, Birmingham
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In use by 1881
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Smith & Wright
S & W Patent
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Birmingham
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Military uniform buttons
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Smith & Wright
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Birmingham
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VR cipher buttons
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1882-1883
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Smith & Wright
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62 Aldermanbury, EC, London
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1884
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Smith & Wright
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62a Aldermanbury, EC, London
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1885-1886
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Smith & Wright
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176, 178 & 180 Brearley Street, Birmingham
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1888-1889
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Smith & Wright Ltd
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180 Brearley Street, Birmingham
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Smith & Wright Ltd
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Birmingham
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Military uniform buttons
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Early 20th C
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Taken over by Firmin
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1990
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Smith & Wright Ltd
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15 Brearley Street,
Birmingham
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Company active at this date
Part of Firmin Group
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SPOONER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Spooner & Co
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London
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STARKEY
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1835-1836
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J Starkey & Co
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1 Spur Street, Leicester Square
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1837-1855
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Joseph (or Josh) Starkey
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3 Old Bond Street
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1856-1914
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Joseph Starkey
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23 Conduit Street
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1859-1877
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Joseph Starkey
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23 Conduit Street W
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1914-1934
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Joseph Starkey
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21 George Street, Hanover Square
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1915-1918
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Joseph Starkey
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45 Conduit Street
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STEWART
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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J Stewart & Co
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Edinburgh
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1900’s
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Stewart & Co
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STILLWELL
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Pre 1840
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E Stillwell & Son
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London
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STRATTON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1860
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Company established in London
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2006
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Part of Firmin Group
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SUMNER
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1992
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Francis Sumner Engineering Co Ltd
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Birmingham
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Previously Buttons Ltd
In business 1992
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TAIT
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1861-1865
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P Tait & Co
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Limerick
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American Civil War buttons
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P Tait
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Limerick
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Other Ranks brass buttons
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THOMAS
(See BARWELL, BECK & THOMAS)
THOMPSON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1820’s
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William Thompson
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11 Aire Street, Piccadilly
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THURKLE
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Edward Thurkle
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1920’s
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Taken over by J R Gaunt of London & Birmingham
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TIPSON
(See also BULLIVANT)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1840’s
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Co. made livery buttons for Eastern Union Railway in this period
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19th C - early 20th C
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Thomas Tipson
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Birmingham
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Livery buttons
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TONKS
(See NEIL & TONKS)
TURNER
(See also HAMMOND)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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G Turner
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St Martins Lane
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TWIGG
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Early 19th C
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Company operating from this time
Buttons include livery, British Army and Royal Marines
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1840
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W Twigg & Co
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London
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W Twigg & Co
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London & Birmingham
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W Twigg & Co
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Birmingham
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Buttons include Royal Marines Light Infantry dating from1855
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1840
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W Twigg
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12 St James Street, Birmingham
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W Twigg
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Birmingham
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1849-1853
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G Twigg
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Powell Street, Birmingham
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G & W Twigg
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1853
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Messrs Twigg
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James Street, Birmingham
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1855
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Sylvester Twigg
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Powell Street, Birmingham
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W Twigg & Co Ltd
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1880’s
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Company active in Birmingham
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WAGSTAFF & HESLOP (?)
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Early 19th C
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[Wa]gstaff & Hesl[op]
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93 St Martins Lane
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Backmark is partial reading from a livery button
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WALLS
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Late 1790’s-late 1820’s
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William Walls
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Birmingham merchant - distributor only
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WATSON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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H Watson
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King Street, Covent Garden
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WATTS
(See DAIN, WATTS & MANTON)
WELDON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1851- early 1900’s
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Charles & Jeremiah Weldon
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Cheapside, London
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Manufacturing buttons including livery type
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C & J Weldon
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London
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Military buttons
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C & J Weldon
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Cheapside
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Livery buttons
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c.1880-1910
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C & J Weldon
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130 Cheapside, London
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WHITNEY
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Whitney J O
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Inscribed on late 17th century solid button
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WILLIAMS
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1791-1800
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John Williams
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St. Martins Lane, London
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Possibly other makers of this surname also exist
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1791-1800
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I Williams
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London
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Late 18th C - early 19th C
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Wm Williams
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Backmark found on top quality livery and uniform buttons
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Early 19th C
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Williams & Son
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London
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Livery buttons
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Early 19th C
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Walter Williams
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St Martins Lane, London
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Livery buttons
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WILSON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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Albert C Wilson
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15 Fish Street Hill, London
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WISE
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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1820’s
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Wise, Bielby & Co
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Birmingham
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1818-1825
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Wise Bielby Hyde & Co
No 4 Extra Fine
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WRIGHT
(See SMITH)
WYON
Date(s)
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Name
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Address
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Related Information
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c.1838-c.1842
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Wyon Engraver To Her Majesty
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287 Regent St London
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Bibliography
Books
Bailey, Gordon - Detector Finds
Blair, Dennis G - British Buttons
Hughes and Lester - Big Book of Buttons
Luscomb, Sally C - The Collector’s Encyclopaedia of Buttons
Meredith, A & G & Cuddeford, M - Identifying Buttons
Peacock, Primrose - Discovering Old Buttons
Read, Brian A - History Beneath Our Feet
Squire, Gwen - Buttons, A Guide for Collectors
A Dictionary of English Costume
The Encyclopaedia of Fashion
The Magpie’s Companion
Periodicals
British Button Society Journal
Treasure Hunting Magazine
The Searcher
Internet websites
Diana’s Buttons - http://www.angelfire.com/wa/dianaspage/DianasButtonsWelcome.html
The Oldcopper Website - http://www.oldcopper.org/button_makers.htm
UKDFD - http://www.ukdfd.co.uk
UKDN - http://www.forumukdetectornet.co.uk/phpBB2/portal.php |
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